LONDON (AP) – European Union lawmakers are expected to give final approval to the 27-nation artificial intelligence law on Wednesday. Rules that lead the world It is on track to enter into force later this year.
Members of the European Parliament are poised to vote in favor of the Artificial Intelligence Act, five years after it was first proposed.of AI law is expected to serve as a global guidepost For other governments grappling with how to regulate rapidly evolving technology.
“The AI Act moves the future of AI in a human-centric direction, where humans control technology and technology helps harness new discoveries, economic growth, and social progress, and unleash human potential. ” said Dragos Tudrace, a Romanian lawmaker who co-led parliamentary negotiations on the bill.
Large technology companies typically Supported the need to regulate AI All the while lobbying for all the rules to work in their favor. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman created a small stir last year when he proposed ChatGPT Maker. May withdraw from Europe Before withdrawing, he said he had no plans to withdraw if he could not comply with the AI law.
Here's the world's first comprehensive set of AI rules.
How does AI work?
Like many EU regulations, the AI Act was initially intended to function as a consumer safety law. Adopt a “risk-based approach” Products and services that use artificial intelligence.
AI applications become more risky, faces greater scrutiny. Low-risk systems, such as content recommendation systems and spam filters, only have lighter rules, such as disclosing that they are powered by AI. The EU expects that most AI systems will fall into this category.
High-risk uses of AI, such as in medical devices and critical infrastructure such as water and electricity networks, face more stringent requirements, such as using high-quality data and providing clear information to users.
Some uses of AI are prohibited because they are deemed to pose unacceptable risks, such as social scoring systems to manage people's behavior. predictive policing Emotion recognition systems in schools and workplaces.
Other prohibited uses include: Police scan faces in public places Except for serious crimes such as kidnapping and terrorism, a remote “biometric authentication” system using AI will be used.
What about generative AI?
Early drafts of the law focused on AI systems performing narrowly defined tasks, such as scanning resumes and job applications.amazing rise in General purpose AI modelThis tool, represented by OpenAI's ChatGPT, has left EU policymakers scrambling to catch up.
They added provisions for so-called generative AI models, i.e. the underlying technology. AI chatbot system Generate unique, seemingly authentic reactions, images, and more.
From European startups to OpenAI and Google, developers of general-purpose AI models need to provide detailed summaries, including text, photos, and videos. Data on the Internet used to train the system We also comply with EU copyright law.
Deepfake images generated by AIvideo or audio of existing people, places, or events should be labeled as artificially manipulated.
The largest and most powerful AI models that pose “systemic risks” will receive special scrutiny. OpenAI GPT4 — its cutting-edge system — and Google's Gemini.
The EU said it was concerned that these powerful AI systems could “cause serious accidents or be exploited for widespread cyber-attacks.” They also worry that generative AI could spread “harmful bias” into many applications, impacting many people.
Companies providing these systems must assess and mitigate risk. Report serious incidents, such as malfunctions that result in the death of someone or serious harm to health or property. Take cybersecurity measures.and disclose Amount of energy used by the model.
Do European rules impact other parts of the world?
Brussels first proposed The 2019 AI Regulations play a familiar global role in ratcheting up scrutiny of emerging industries, leaving other governments scrambling to catch up.
In the United States, it was signed by President Joe Biden. Comprehensive Executive Order on AI It is expected to be backed by legislation and a global agreement in October. Meanwhile, lawmakers in at least seven U.S. states Working on enacting its own AI law.
Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed a global AI governance initiative, and authorities said interim measures ” to manage generative AI applied to text, images, audio, video, and other content generated for people within China.
Other countries, from Brazil to Japan, as well as global groups such as the United Nations and the Group of Seven developed nations, are also moving to develop AI guardrails.
What happens next?
The AI law is expected to be formalized by May or June, subject to several final steps, including approval by EU member states. The provisions will begin to take effect in stages, with countries required to ban banned AI systems six months after the rules are written into law.
Rules regarding general-purpose AI systems such as chatbots will begin to apply one year after the law takes effect. By mid-2026, a set of regulations including requirements for high-risk systems will be in place.
In terms of enforcement, each EU country will set up its own AI watchdog, and citizens will be able to lodge complaints if they believe they are the victim of a breach of the rules. Meanwhile, the city of Brussels plans to create an AI directorate tasked with law enforcement and supervision of general-purpose AI systems.
Violations of the AI Act could result in fines of up to 35 million euros ($38 million), equivalent to 7% of a company's global revenue.